Posts Tagged ‘WHO’

Reading List 3/8/2010

March 8th, 2010

Today, as we join in celebrating International Women’s Day, we’re reading the WHO’s comments on this day as well as reviewing a paper Dr. Peter Hotez wrote about womens health and NTDs. We’re also reading a profile of river blindness and about Buruli ulcer, one of the less discussed NTDs.

Equal rights, equal opportunities: progress for all, World Health Organization

WHO laments “shameful” lack of respect for women’s right to good health, World Health Organization

Empowering Women and Improving Female Reproductive Health through Control of Neglected Tropical Diseases, Peter Hotez, PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases

Blind to the river and its hazards, Stanley M. Aronson, The Providence Journal

Buruli ulcer: an overlooked tropical disease, Robert Herriman, Examiner.com

River Blindness Transmission Cycle Broken in Ecuador

March 4th, 2010

Just this week the Ministry of Health and several other partners in the Onchocerciasis Elimination Program for the Americas (OEPA) have declared onchocerciasis transmission has been halted in Ecuador. As per World Health Organization policy, Ecuador must now monitor and verify elimination for the next three years. In 2008, the Pan American Health Organization restated its dedication to eliminating river blindness in the Americas by 2012 and this announcement is an important step towards achieving that goal.

Onchocerciasis is transmitted by the bite of the black fly and a small, bite-transmitted worm parasite. This parasite, Onchocerca volvulus, causes skin irritation and can cause loss of sight. The illness is known as river blindness because the black flies breed in fast-moving bodies of water near affected communities. In order to break the disease transmission cycle, implementing organizations utilize the common practice of mass drug administration (MDA). In MDA programs, safe and affordable (often donated) drugs are distributed to entire communities several times a year. For onchocerciasis treatments, the Merck produced drug Mecitzan (ivermectan) is used at no cost. In the last twenty years over eight million doses have been distributed across the region in endemic communities.

OEPA is a regional collaboration that was started in 1993 by The Carter Center to treat the more than 500,000 people at risk for this disease across Latin America. The partnership includes the Pan American Health Organization (World Health Organization), the pharmaceutical company Merck, the Pan American Health and Education Foundation (PAHEF), Lions Clubs International Foundation, and the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation. The OEPA program targets the six Latin American countries (Brazil, Ecuador, Guatemala, Mexico and Venezuela) where onchocerciasis is still a public health threat. Originally there were seven countries on this list, but Colombia achieved transmission interruption in 2008. In light of this week’s announcement, this list will be shortened to only five countries.

With a growing interest in the potential for elimination of onchocerciasis from Africa, the success of the programs in the Americas provides an experience base that can guide the next phase of the onchocerciasis program in Africa.

See Also: 

http://www.pahef.org/press/2010_river_blindness.html

http://www.aolnews.com/health/article/ecuador-halts-spread-of-river-blindness/19378514

http://www.cartercenter.org/news/pr/ecuador-030110.html

Reading List 3/1/10

March 1st, 2010

Happy March, everybody. We’re starting out this month by reading about NTDs in the latest WHO newsletter, analysis of the possibility of using flightless mosquitos to fight dengue fever, and a look at India’s spending on NTDs.

Elimination of neglected tropical diseases in the South-East Asia Region of the World Health Organization, World Health Organization

Can flightless mosquitoes be used to control dengue?, Paul Chinnock, TropIKA.net

Cure The Ground, Amba Batra Bakshi, Outlook India

Dr. Thomas Cherian, Pneumonia Expert, Honored for Efforts to Reduce Deaths from Preventable and Treatable Diseases

February 4th, 2010
Dr. Cherian recieving the PACE Global Leadership Award
Dr. Cherian recieving the PACE Global Leadership Award

On the heels of the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation’s $10 billion commitment to fund vaccine research, development and delivery throughout the developing world, a leading pneumonia expert, Dr. Thomas Cherian of the World Health Organization (WHO), was honored Monday in Geneva for his efforts to accelerate access to vaccines preventing pneumococcal disease, the world’s leading vaccine-preventable killer of children under age five.

Over the course of a 25-year career that began at the Christian Medical College in Tamil Nadu, India, Dr. Cherian, who currently serves as coordinator of the Expanded Programme on Immunization at the WHO, has made significant contributions and remained committed to fighting pneumonia and pneumococcal diseases.  Last year, he led efforts to produce the first-ever country-by-country estimates of pneumococcal disease burden. This work found that in India, for example, more than 140,000 children die each year of pneumococcal disease — approximately one child every four minutes in India alone.

Dr. Cherian received the Pneumococcal Awareness Council of Expert’s (PACE) Global Leadership Award, which recognizes an individual, organization or country that has championed pneumococcal disease prevention and made a significant contribution towards policies that advance the introduction of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines.  Pneumococcal disease is a leading cause of pneumonia which kills an estimated 2 million children under age five each year.

The contributions of individuals to the health field are not always publicized but it’s the efforts of individuals like Dr. Cherian that add to the collective goal of reducing deaths from preventable and treatable diseases, whether infectious or neglected.

The Global Network and PACE are initiatives of the Sabin Vaccine Institute, whose mission is to reduce needless human suffering from infectious and neglected tropical diseases.

Reading List 2/3/10

February 3rd, 2010

Today we’re reading about the fallout from Monday’s unveiling of the fiscal year 2011 budget and various analysis of how it will impact the global health sector and NTDs in particular. We’re also reading about other miscellaneous developments in NTDs and global health.

  1. Obama’s FY 2011 budget gives global health funding boost, Kaiser Family Foundation
    An article breaking down global health spending in the fiscal year 2011 budget.
  2. Aid advocates happy, not thrilled with Obama’s new budget, Josh Rogin, Foreign Policy
  3. Obama’s Global Health Budget a Mixed Bag, Te-Ping Chen, Change.org
    Two different analysis of the global health aspect of the 2011 budget.
  4. Glaxo CEO: Time to diversify, help poor countries, Associated Press
    An interview with the CEO of GlaxoSmithKlein about what the company is doing to help address global health.
  5. Nigeria moves towards eradication of Guinea worm, Azoma Chikwe, Daily Sun
    After decades of work, Nigeria is on the cusp of becoming another deworming success story.
  6. UNICEF And Partners Kick Off Fifth Annual Global Immunization Meeting, Medical News Today
    UNICEF, the WHO, and the GAVI Alliance are meeting in Geneva to analyze and improve immunization efforts globally

Night 8: The “Other” NTDs

December 19th, 2009

Tonight we’ll wrap up our Hannukah and NTDs series with a focus on the remaining NTDs as defined by the WHO: buruli ulcer, dengue fever, guinea worm, African sleeping sickness, leishmaniasis, and leprosy.  At the Global Network, we are commonly asked “why do you only focus on seven NTDs?”  The seven NTDs we’ve detailed over the last seven nights are the most common NTDs, representing approximately 90% of the total disease burden.  We also focus on them, however, because they are generally referred to as “tool-ready”–that is to say, we have medications that are safe, affordable, and available to treat the seven most common.

Which brings us to the “other” NTDs that also cause significant suffering among the poorest of the world’s communities. Like the most common ones, these NTDs promote the continuation of poverty in developing communities by impairing physical and intellectual growth and decreasing worker productivity.  But unlike the others, they are either missing treatment/control tools altogether or the tools are difficult to access or afford.

Many groups are working to change this landscape.  Analysis from Drugs for Neglected Diseases initiative (DNDi) clarifies:

For the “most neglected” diseases, patients are so poor that they have virtually no purchasing power and cannot spark market interest in drug R&D among pharmaceutical companies. Recently, the field of R&D for neglected diseases has seen the emergence of several new organisations, new donors, new financial mechanisms, and a new political environment. However, although the global R&D landscape has improved for neglected diseases since 2003, the dire needs of the most neglected victims who carry on suffering in the developing world are still largely unmet. A recent study by G-Finder revealed that less than 5 percent of worldwide R&D funding for neglected diseases has been directed towards the most neglected diseases.

To read more about these NTDs, visist our website.

Night 7: Schistosomiasis

December 18th, 2009

By Dr. Alan Fenwick, Director, Schistosomiasis Control Initiative at Imperial College London

Schistosomiasis, which is also known as bilharzia or snail fever, is another of the most common NTDs with an estimated 200 million people infected globally, and many more at risk – especially in sub-Saharan Africa.

S_mansoni_adult_Lammie1The serious effects of schistosomiasis can be controlled by regular treatment of early infections with the drug praziquantel; this treatment is usually better directed at children who have recently acquired infections before symptoms can develop. Before the year 2000, praziquantel had successfully been used in China and Egypt, but it was expensive at $1 per tablet. The price today from generic manufacturers is a more affordable 8 cents a tablet. Since 2002 the Schistosomiasis Control Initiative has expanded the number of countries with control programmes thanks to support from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Legatum, and more recently the USAID.  WHO has identified the need for them to take a great interest in schistosomiasis because expansion of coverage has been slower than with the other NTDs mainly due to the absence of a large scale drug donation program. It is estimated that during 2009 less than 10% of those in need of treatment will actually have access to praziquantel, despite investment by USAID and the emergence of other NGOs taking an interest in treating schistosomiasis.

During the next 5 years if the MDGs are to be achieved it will be necessary for the world to donate more money for praziquantel and its distribution so that children can be given a healthy start to their life and perform better at school.

» Read more: Night 7: Schistosomiasis

Night 6: Trachoma

December 17th, 2009

Ever had an eyelash in your eye?  It’s a common–and really painful–experience that almost everyone can relate to.  Now think of the pain experienced in the few minutes until you can remove the eyelash, but multiply it by thousands, and you’ll come close to understanding the pain caused by trachoma long before it even reaches its most well-known manifestation: blindness.

Trachoma - baby with fliesA single exposure to trachoma bacterium does not in itself cause blindness. Repeated exposure to the disease — through person-to-person contact or infected flies — over time eventually causes the inside of the eyelid to turn inward — a condition called trichiasis — and the eyelashes to scrape and scar the cornea, leading to the formation of corneal opacities and painful and irreversible blindness. Trachoma is particularly common in children under five and the adults – mainly women – who care for them. In some rural communities, 60 – 90 percent of children are infected.  Adult women are three times more likely to develop the blindness associated with trachoma, attributed in part to their caretaking of very young children.

Trachoma is the world’s leading cause of preventable blindness. More than 84 million people in 56 countries worldwide have active trachoma, and an estimated eight million have lost their sight due to complications from the disease.

Treatment for trachoma focuses on active symptom elimination and future prevention efforts. A major comprehensive public health strategy approved by the World Health Organization, called SAFE, is underway to treat trachoma epidemics in rural Africa and other parts of the developing world. The combination of surgery (S), antibiotics–typically azyithromycin/Zithromax (A), facial cleanliness (F) and environmental educational efforts (E) is a multi-pronged approach to the disease and has shown promising results.

Between 1999 and 2006, nearly 41 million antibiotic treatments for blinding
trachoma were administered worldwide.  For more information, visit organizations like the International Trachoma Initiative and Helen Keller International.

Scientific American Magazine Spotlights NTDs

December 17th, 2009

NTDs get major news attention in the January 2010 issue of Scientific American Magazine.  The issue features an article titled “How to Cure 1 Billion People—Defeat Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTDs)” by our very own Peter Hotez, detailing the disease burden of NTDs around the world, and the simple, cost effective solutions available for their prevention and control.  The article is an informative teaching tool for those unfamiliar with NTDs and also presents a clear call to action: now is the time to act to end the neglect of NTDs. Now, more than ever, the global health community is positioned to tackle NTDs. However, Hotez argues that despite enormous successes with mass drug administration programs and increased awareness and funding, we still have a long way to go to provide complete drug coverage for the billion or more people with NTDs.

Here is an excerpt of the article:

“In the north of Burkina Faso, not far to the east of one of the best-known backpacker destinations in West Africa, the Bandiagara Escarpment in Mali, lies the town of Koumbri. It was one of the places where the Burkina Ministry of Health began a mass campaign five years ago to treat parasitic worms. One of the beneficiaries, Aboubacar, then an eight-year-old boy, told health workers he felt perpetually tired and ill and had noticed blood in his urine. After taking a few pills, he felt better, started to play soccer again, and began focusing on his schoolwork and doing better academically.”


“The Burkina Faso program, which treated more than two million children, was both a success story and an emblem of the tragedy of disease in the developing world. For want of very simple treatments, a billion people in the world wake up every day of their lives feeling sick. As a result they cannot learn in school or work effectively.”

Visit our website to read the full article or pick up your own copy when it hits newsstands in January.

Night 5: Onchocerciasis

December 16th, 2009

Onchocerciciasis, one of the most common neglected tropical diseases known as “river blindness”, is a major contributor to visual impairment and blindness in sub-Saharan Africa.  Onchocerciasis also causes lesions, skin depigmentation, and debilitating itching, all of which foster stigmatization and social isolation.  Beyond its health impacts, onchocerciasis has also instilled a fear of blindness in affected communities, prompting them to abandon fertile river valleys in Africa, thereby reducing agricultural productivity and increasing poverty.

Approximately 37 million people around the world are infected with onchocerciasis; over 102 million people are at risk for the disease in 19 countries.  500,000 of those infected with onchocerciasis are severely visually impaired, and another 270,000 have been rendered permanently blind from the disease.

Fortunately, there are African-led efforts underway to control and eliminate this disease that can serve as a model for community-led health interventions and health systems strengthening efforts around the developing world.  The African Programme for Onchocerciasis Control (APOC) was established in 1995 to eliminate onchocerciasis as a disease of public health importance in Africa.  At the core of APOC’s strategy to eliminate the disease is community-directed treatment with ivermectin (CDTI), a strategy largely pioneered by APOC’s dynamic director, Dr. Uche Amazigo.

In 1997, APOC formally adopted the CDTI strategy to deliver ivermectin to infected and at-risk communities, and in the years since it has rapidly scaled up and expanded its efforts. Over 600,165 trained CDDs have been trained and engaged in CDTI projects since APOC’s inception, and they have delivered nearly (965,000,000) ivermectin tablets in 11 years (1997-2007).  Millions more have benefitted from other health interventions implemented simultaneously with CDTI, including home-based management of malaria, distribution of insecticide treated bed nets, Vitamin A supplementation, and management of HIV/AIDS as well as awareness campaigns involving the support of CDDs.

APOC

A map of health interventions delivered through the CDTi mechanism across Africa

» Read more: Night 5: Onchocerciasis